Date and Event: Occurred on August 14-15, 1947, marking the end of British colonial rule in South Asia.

Reason: Resulted from religious and political differences between Hindus and Muslims, leading to the creation of a separate Muslim-majority Pakistan.

Division of Territory: India was divided into two countries — India (largely Hindu-majority) and Pakistan (Muslim-majority), which included West Pakistan (modern-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (modern-day Bangladesh).

Mass Migration: Triggered one of the largest mass migrations in history, with millions of Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs crossing borders to join their respective countries.